Bound For Mars
Two NASA spacecraft,
Mars Global Surveyor and
Mars Pathfinder,
are presently approaching
the red planet. Pathfinder is scheduled to land on July 4th and
Global Surveyor due to enter orbit in September.
Recent
studies of the Martian climate,
motivated by this impending
invasion of spacecraft from Earth,
have indicate that
Mars weather is more chaotic than previously thought - showing abrupt
swings between "hot and dusty" and "cold and cloudy".
These Hubble Space Telescope images
from March 1997 show
the Northern Hemisphere in early Martian summer,
with a receding polar cap and whitish water-ice clouds.
The left image is centered on Ares Valles,
Pathfinder's landing site,
while in the right image, towering
Tharsis mountains (massive extinct volcanoes)
can be seen poking through the clouds.
Stretching to the eastern edge of the righthand image
(at lower right) is the
Valles Marineris,
an immense canyon system.
Martian weather reports will play
an important role in mission planning.
Both spacecraft rely on the Martian atmosphere for
braking maneuvers and Pathfinder's lander and rover are solar powered.