50 Light-years to 51 Pegasi
Image Credit &
Copyright:
Josselin Desmars
It's only 50 light-years
to 51 Pegasi.
That star's position is indicated in this snapshot from
August, taken on a hazy night with mostly brighter stars visible above
the dome at Observatoire de Haute-Provence in France.
Twenty-six years ago,
in October of 1995, astronomers
Michel Mayor and Didier Queloz
announced a profound discovery made at the observatory.
Using a precise spectrograph they had detected a planet orbiting 51 Peg,
the first known exoplanet orbiting a sun-like star.
Mayor and Queloz had used the spectrograph to measure changes in the
star's radial velocity,
a regular wobble caused by the gravitational
tug of the orbiting planet.
Designated 51 Pegasi b,
the planet was determined to
have a mass at least half of Jupiter's mass
and an orbital period of 4.2 days,
making it much closer to its parent star than Mercury is to the Sun.
Their discovery was quickly confirmed and Mayor and Queloz
were ultimately awarded the
Nobel Prize in physics
in 2019.
Now recognized as the prototype for the class of exoplanets
fondly known as
hot Jupiters,
51 Pegasi b was formally
named Dimidium,
latin for half, in 2015.
Since its discovery, over 4,000
exoplanets have been found.